ARCHIVE FOR 2016 RUSSIAN
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Июнь 2016
CONTENT
FREE TRIBUNE
Dmitry Stepanov Demand for Law and Enabling Structure of Regulation: Economic Analysis of Law Laws, regulations and the law itself might be viewed from economic analysis of law standpoint as a
type of any non-material goods, thus there is a demand for, and supply of, law. Repeating interactions
between market actors who employ domestic law to structure their commercial transactions or to deal
with national regulators is essentially similar to demand-supply model whereby market participants
form their demand for better quality law and legislatures, regulators or judges provide some supply
quantity. In this model, enabling element of legal rules for private law and coherence and predictability
for public laws and regulations are the key factors, as the author argues, which determine the demand
side. Law and regulations as being a public good have the feature of other public goods: inadequate
level of production, that is to say supply side should be characterized by low quantity supplied and
lesser elasticity of supply. This underproduction of law coupled with comparatively high elasticity
of demand for law leads to various externalities: market players may switch into non-legal rules
and practices (corruption, organized crime, assessing probabilities instead of rely on predictable
rules) or migrate to foreign jurisdictions and seek for other — foreign or non-state — enforcement
institutions. These alternative practices suppress demand for law further and create new costs for
domestic jurisdiction. The only way to win in regulatory competition — as the paper states — is to
stimulate demand and increase quantity supplied, i.e. to create a number of incentives for broader
application of domestic legal system by local actors and to prevent migration of business activity into
foreign jurisdictions. The theory of comparative advantage and ideas of regulatory arbitrage teach us
that the demand for law will be satisfied in any case, the only question is where and how, by which
means — domestically or abroad. Therefore national governments should provide adequate quantity
of law supplied, otherwise they are facing the risks to their sovereignty. Yet another option to increase
utility from the law is to decrease deadweight loss caused by mandatory rules within private law and
excessive regulations in the domain of public law: since mandatory rules in this paper equated with
correcting taxes (Pigou taxes), increasing enabling structure of law must lead to greater consumers’
surplus and eventually to higher utility from domestic law employed by market participants.
Keywords:
demand for law, enabling norms, regulation, economic analysis of law, deadweight loss, correcting taxes, regulatory competition
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Alexey Solokhin Reconciliation of the Parties and Its Results in Arbitrazh Process The Ruling of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitrazh Court No. 50 of 18 July 2014 «On the Reconciliation
of the Parties in Arbitrazh Process» was enacted almost two years ago. The article analyses some
issues relating to this Ruling: the meaning of some of its provisions, their roots and evolution; how the
Ruling works in practice; what provisions have been applied by the Supreme Court of the Russian
Federation; what issues still remain unresolved.
Keywords:
reconciliation of the parties, mediation, settlement of claim
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Irina Kashkarova The Significance of Plaintiff's Subjective Interest for the Application of the Res Judicata Rule The article explores whether, within the framework of adversary proceedings, the plaintiff could bring
several claims to protect one interest. The author considers several judgments of the Supreme Court
and Supreme Arbitrazh Court of Russia. They demonstrate the role that different facts on which the
claim is based and the interest which the plaintiff seeks to protect could play in resolving the issue of the
identity of different claims and, hence, their influence on the application of the principle of res judicata.
Keywords:
identity of claims, interest, grounds of a claim, contractor agreement, permanent improvement
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